After having run for some time at the top of his speed, without knowing whither, knocking his head against many a street corner, leaping many a gutter, traversing many an alley, many a court, many a square, seeking flight and passage through all the meanderings of the ancient passages of the Halles, exploring in his panic terror what the fine Latin of the maps calls ~tota via, cheminum et viaria~, our poet suddenly halted for lack of breath in the first place, and in the second, because he had been collared, after a fashion, by a dilemma which had just occurred to his mind."It strikes me, Master pierre Gringoire," he said to himself, placing his finger to his brow, "that you are running like a madman.The little scamps are no less afraid of you than you are of them.It strikes me, I say, that you heard the clatter of their wooden shoes fleeing southward, while you were fleeing northward.Now, one of two things, either they have taken flight, and the pallet, which they must have forgotten in their terror, is precisely that hospitable bed in search of which you have been running ever since morning, and which madame the Virgin miraculously sends you, in order to recompense you for having made a morality in her honor, accompanied by triumphs and mummeries; or the children have not taken flight, and in that case they have put the brand to the pallet, and that is precisely the good fire which you need to cheer, dry, and warm you.In either case, good fire or good bed, that straw pallet is a gift from heaven.The blessed Virgin Marie who stands at the corner of the Rue Mauconseil, could only have made Eustache Moubon die for that express purpose; and it is folly on your part to flee thus zigzag, like a picard before a Frenchman, leaving behind you what you seek before you; and you are a fool!"Then he retraced his steps, and feeling his way and searching, with his nose to the wind and his ears on the alert, he tried to find the blessed pallet again, but in vain.There was nothing to be found but intersections of houses, closed courts, and crossings of streets, in the midst of which he hesitated and doubted incessantly, being more perplexed and entangled in this medley of streets than he would have been even in the labyrinth of the H?tel des Tournelles.At length he lost patience, and exclaimed solemnly: "Cursed be cross roads! 'tis the devil who has made them in the shape of his pitchfork!"This exclamation afforded him a little solace, and a sort of reddish reflection which he caught sight of at that moment, at the extremity of a long and narrow lane, completed the elevation of his moral tone."God be praised!" said he, "There it is yonder!There is my pallet burning."And comparing himself to the pilot who suffers shipwreck by night, "~Salve~," he added piously, "~salve, maris stella~!"Did he address this fragment of litany to the Holy Virgin, or to the pallet?We are utterly unable to say.He had taken but a few steps in the long street, which sloped downwards, was unpaved, and more and more muddy and steep, when he noticed a very singular thing.It was not deserted; here and there along its extent crawled certain vague and formless masses, all directing their course towards the light which flickered at the end of the street, like those heavy insects which drag along by night, from blade to blade of grass, towards the shepherd's fire.Nothing renders one so adventurous as not being able to feel the place where one's pocket is situated.Gringoire continued to advance, and had soon joined that one of the forms which dragged along most indolently, behind the others.On drawing near, he perceived that it was nothing else than a wretched legless cripple in a bowl, who was hopping along on his two hands like a wounded field-spider which has but two legs left.At the moment when he passed close to this species of spider with a human countenance, it raised towards him a lamentable voice: "~La buona mancia, signor! la buona mancia~!"**Alms."Deuce take you," said Gringoire, "and me with you, if I know what you mean!"And he passed on.He overtook another of these itinerant masses, and examined it.It was an impotent man, both halt and crippled, and halt and crippled to such a degree that the complicated system of crutches and wooden legs which sustained him, gave him the air of a mason's scaffolding on the march.Gringoire, who liked noble and classical comparisons, compared him in thought to the living tripod of Vulcan.This living tripod saluted him as he passed, but stopping his hat on a level with Gringoire's chin, like a shaving dish, while he shouted in the latter's ears: "~Senor cabellero, para comprar un pedaso de pan~!"**Give me the means to buy a bit of bread, sir."It appears," said Gringoire, "that this one can also talk; but 'tis a rude language, and he is more fortunate than I if he understands it." Then, smiting his brow, in a sudden transition of ideas: "By the way, what the deuce did they mean this morning with their Esmeralda?"He was minded to augment his pace, but for the third time something barred his way.This something or, rather, some one was a blind man, a little blind fellow with a bearded, Jewish face, who, rowing away in the space about him with a stick, and towed by a large dog, droned through his nose with a Hungarian accent: "~Facitote caritatem~!""Well, now," said Gringoire, "here's one at last who speaks a Christian tongue.I must have a very charitable aspect, since they ask alms of me in the present lean condition of my purse.My friend," and he turned towards the blind man, "I sold my last shirt last week; that is to say, since you understand only the language of Cicero: ~Vendidi hebdomade nuper transita meam ultimam chemisan~."That said, he turned his back upon the blind man, and pursued his way.But the blind man began to increase his stride at the same time; and, behold! the cripple and the legless man, in his bowl, came up on their side in great haste, and with great clamor of bowl and crutches, upon the pavement. Then all three, jostling each other at poor Gringoire's heels, began to sing their song to him,--"~Caritatem~!" chanted the blind man."~La buona mancia~!" chanted the cripple in the bowl.And the lame man took up the musical phrase by repeating: "~Un pedaso de pan~!"Gringoire stopped up his ears."Oh, tower of Babel!" he exclaimed.He set out to run.The blind man ran!The lame man ran!The cripple in the bowl ran!And then, in proportion as he plunged deeper into the street, cripples in bowls, blind men and lame men, swarmed about him, and men with one arm, and with one eye, and the leprous with their sores, some emerging from little streets adjacent, some from the air-holes of cellars, howling, bellowing, yelping, all limping and halting, all flinging themselves towards the light, and humped up in the mire, like snails after a shower.Gringoire, still followed by his three persecutors, and not knowing very well what was to become of him, marched along in terror among them, turning out for the lame, stepping over the cripples in bowls, with his feet imbedded in that ant-hill of lame men, like the English captain who got caught in the quicksand of a swarm of crabs.The idea occurred to him of making an effort to retrace his steps.But it was too late.This whole legion had closed in behind him, and his three beggars held him fast.So he proceeded, impelled both by this irresistible flood, by fear, and by a vertigo which converted all this into a sort of horrible dream.At last he reached the end of the street.It opened upon an immense place, where a thousand scattered lights flickered in the confused mists of night.Gringoire flew thither, hoping to escape, by the swiftness of his legs, from the three infirm spectres who had clutched him."~Onde vas, hombre~?" (Where are you going, my man?) cried the cripple, flinging away his crutches, and running after him with the best legs that ever traced a geometrical step upon the pavements of paris.In the meantime the legless man, erect upon his feet, crowned Gringoire with his heavy iron bowl, and the blind man glared in his face with flaming eyes!"Where am I?" said the terrified poet."In the Court of Miracles," replied a fourth spectre, who had accosted them."Upon my soul," resumed Gringoire, "I certainly do behold the blind who see, and the lame who walk, but where is the Saviour?"They replied by a burst of sinister laughter.The poor poet cast his eyes about him.It was, in truth, that redoubtable Cour des Miracles, whither an honest man had never penetrated at such an hour; the magic circle where the officers of the Chatelet and the sergeants of the provostship, who ventured thither, disappeared in morsels; a city of thieves, a hideous wart on the face of paris; a sewer, from which escaped every morning, and whither returned every night to crouch, that stream of vices, of mendicancy and vagabondage which always overflows in the streets of capitals; a monstrous hive, to which returned at nightfall, with their booty, all the drones of the social order; a lying hospital where the bohemian, the disfrocked monk, the ruined scholar, the ne'er-do-wells of all nations, Spaniards, Italians, Germans,--of all religions, Jews, Christians, Mahometans, idolaters, covered with painted sores, beggars by day, were transformed by night into brigands; an immense dressing-room, in a word, where, at that epoch, the actors of that eternal comedy, which theft, prostitution, and murder play upon the pavements of paris, dressed and undressed.It was a vast place, irregular and badly paved, like all the squares of paris at that date.Fires, around which swarmed strange groups, blazed here and there.Every one was going, coming, and shouting.Shrill laughter was to be heard, the wailing of children, the voices of women.The hands and heads of this throng, black against the luminous background, outlined against it a thousand eccentric gestures.At times, upon the ground, where trembled the light of the fires, mingled with large, indefinite shadows, one could behold a dog passing, which resembled a man, a man who resembled a dog. The limits of races and species seemed effaced in this city, as in a pandemonium.Men, women, beasts, age, sex, health, maladies, all seemed to be in common among these people; all went together, they mingled, confounded, superposed; each one there participated in all.The poor and flickering flames of the fire permitted Gringoire to distinguish, amid his trouble, all around the immense place, a hideous frame of ancient houses, whose wormeaten, shrivelled, stunted fa?ades, each pierced with one or two lighted attic windows, seemed to him, in the darkness, like enormous heads of old women, ranged in a circle, monstrous and crabbed, winking as they looked on at the Witches' Sabbath.It was like a new world, unknown, unheard of, misshapen, creeping, swarming, fantastic.Gringoire, more and more terrified, clutched by the three beggars as by three pairs of tongs, dazed by a throng of other faces which frothed and yelped around him, unhappy Gringoire endeavored to summon his presence of mind, in order to recall whether it was a Saturday.But his efforts were vain; the thread of his memory and of his thought was broken; and, doubting everything, wavering between what he saw and what he felt, he put to himself this unanswerable question,--"If I exist, does this exist? if this exists, do I exist?"At that moment, a distinct cry arose in the buzzing throng which surrounded him, "Let's take him to the king! let's take him to the king!""Holy Virgin!" murmured Gringoire, "the king here must be a ram.""To the king! to the king!" repeated all voices.They dragged him off.Each vied with the other in laying his claws upon him.But the three beggars did not loose their hold and tore him from the rest, howling, "He belongs to us!"The poet's already sickly doublet yielded its last sigh in this struggle.While traversing the horrible place, his vertigo vanished. After taking a few steps, the sentiment of reality returned to him.He began to become accustomed to the atmosphere of the place.At the first moment there had arisen from his poet's head, or, simply and prosaically, from his empty stomach, a mist, a vapor, so to speak, which, spreading between objects and himself, permitted him to catch a glimpse of them only in the incoherent fog of nightmare,--in those shadows of dreams which distort every outline, agglomerating objects into unwieldy groups, dilating things into chimeras, and men into phantoms.Little by little, this hallucination was succeeded by a less bewildered and exaggerating view. Reality made its way to the light around him, struck his eyes, struck his feet, and demolished, bit by bit, all that frightful poetry with which he had, at first, believed himself to be surrounded.He was forced to perceive that he was not walking in the Styx, but in mud, that he was elbowed not by demons, but by thieves; that it was not his soul which was in question, but his life (since he lacked that precious conciliator, which places itself so effectually between the bandit and the honest man--a purse).In short, on examining the orgy more closely, and with more coolness, he fell from the witches' sabbath to the dram-shop.The Cour des Miracles was, in fact, merely a dram-shop; but a brigand's dram-shop, reddened quite as much with blood as with wine.The spectacle which presented itself to his eyes, when his ragged escort finally deposited him at the end of his trip, was not fitted to bear him back to poetry, even to the poetry of hell.It was more than ever the prosaic and brutal reality of the tavern.Were we not in the fifteenth century, we would say that Gringoire had descended from Michael Angelo to Callot.Around a great fire which burned on a large, circular flagstone, the flames of which had heated red-hot the legs of a tripod, which was empty for the moment, some wormeaten tables were placed, here and there, haphazard, no lackey of a geometrical turn having deigned to adjust their parallelism, or to see to it that they did not make too unusual angles. Upon these tables gleamed several dripping pots of wine and beer, and round these pots were grouped many bacchic visages, purple with the fire and the wine.There was a man with a huge belly and a jovial face, noisily kissing a woman of the town, thickset and brawny.There was a sort of sham soldier, a "naquois," as the slang expression runs, who was whistling as he undid the bandages from his fictitious wound, and removing the numbness from his sound and vigorous knee, which had been swathed since morning in a thousand ligatures.On the other hand, there was a wretched fellow, preparing with celandine and beef's blood, his "leg of God," for the next day.Two tables further on, a palmer, with his pilgrim's costume complete, was practising the lament of the Holy Queen, not forgetting the drone and the nasal drawl. Further on, a young scamp was taking a lesson in epilepsy from an old pretender, who was instructing him in the art of foaming at the mouth, by chewing a morsel of soap.Beside him, a man with the dropsy was getting rid of his swelling, and making four or five female thieves, who were disputing at the same table, over a child who had been stolen that evening, hold their noses.All circumstances which, two centuries later, "seemed so ridiculous to the court," as Sauval says, "that they served as a pastime to the king, and as an introduction to the royal ballet of Night, divided into four parts and danced on the theatre of the petit-Bourbon.""Never," adds an eye witness of 1653, "have the sudden metamorphoses of the Court of Miracles been more happily presented. Benserade prepared us for it by some very gallant verses."Loud laughter everywhere, and obscene songs.Each one held his own course, carping and swearing, without listening to his neighbor.pots clinked, and quarrels sprang up at the shock of the pots, and the broken pots made rents in the rags.A big dog, seated on his tail, gazed at the fire.Some children were mingled in this orgy.The stolen child wept and cried.Another, a big boy four years of age, seated with legs dangling, upon a bench that was too high for him, before a table that reached to his chin, and uttering not a word.A third, gravely spreading out upon the table with his finger, the melted tallow which dripped from a candle.Last of all, a little fellow crouching in the mud, almost lost in a cauldron, which he was scraping with a tile, and from which he was evoking a sound that would have made Stradivarius swoon.Near the fire was a hogshead, and on the hogshead a beggar. This was the king on his throne.The three who had Gringoire in their clutches led him in front of this hogshead, and the entire bacchanal rout fell silent for a moment, with the exception of the cauldron inhabited by the child.Gringoire dared neither breathe nor raise his eyes."~Hombre, quita tu sombrero~!" said one of the three knaves, in whose grasp he was, and, before he had comprehended the meaning, the other had snatched his hat--a wretched headgear, it is true, but still good on a sunny day or when there was but little rain.Gringoire sighed.Meanwhile the king addressed him, from the summit of his cask,--"Who is this rogue?"Gringoire shuddered.That voice, although accentuated by menace, recalled to him another voice, which, that very morning, had dealt the deathblow to his mystery, by drawling, nasally, in the midst of the audience, "Charity, please!" He raised his head.It was indeed Clopin Trouillefou.Clopin Trouillefou, arrayed in his royal insignia, wore neither one rag more nor one rag less.The sore upon his arm had already disappeared.He held in his hand one of those whips made of thongs of white leather, which police sergeants then used to repress the crowd, and which were called ~boullayes~.On his head he wore a sort of headgear, bound round and closed at the top.But it was difficult to make out whether it was a child's cap or a king's crown, the two things bore so strong a resemblance to each other.Meanwhile Gringoire, without knowing why, had regained some hope, on recognizing in the King of the Cour des Miracles his accursed mendicant of the Grand Hall."Master," stammered he; "monseigneur--sire--how ought I to address you?" he said at length, having reached the culminating point of his crescendo, and knowing neither how to mount higher, nor to descend again."Monseigneur, his majesty, or comrade, call me what you please.But make haste.What have you to say in your own defence?""In your own defence?" thought Gringoire, "that displeases me."He resumed, stuttering, "I am he, who this morning--""By the devil's claws!" interrupted Clopin, "your name, knave, and nothing more.Listen.You are in the presence of three powerful sovereigns: myself, Clopin Trouillefou, King of Thunes, successor to the Grand Co?sre, supreme suzerain of the Realm of Argot; Mathias Hunyadi Spicali, Duke of Egypt and of Bohemia, the old yellow fellow whom you see yonder, with a dish clout round his head; Guillaume Rousseau, Emperor of Galilee, that fat fellow who is not listening to us but caressing a wench.We are your judges. You have entered the Kingdom of Argot, without being an ~argotier~; you have violated the privileges of our city.You must be punished unless you are a ~capon~, a ~franc-mitou~ or a ~rifodé~; that is to say, in the slang of honest folks,--a thief, a beggar, or a vagabond.Are you anything of that sort? Justify yourself; announce your titles."